APA results formatter
Enter the numbers your software gave you and get a sentence that follows the APA reporting rules exactly.
An APA results formatter takes a raw test result, a t, F, chi-square, or correlation value with its degrees of freedom and p-value, and writes it in the format the APA (7th edition) Publication Manual requires: statistics italicised, the exact p-value reported, no leading zero on values that cannot exceed one, and p shown as “< .001” below that threshold. It removes the small formatting errors that reviewers flag without changing any of your numbers.
APA 7th edition
t(48) = 2.34, p = .023
t(48) = 2.34, p = .023
The APA rules applied here
- Test statistics (t, F, χ²) and the symbols p, r, N, d are italicised.
- Statistics bounded by ±1, the p-value and r, take no leading zero: p = .03, not 0.03.
- The p-value is reported exactly to two or three decimals, unless it falls below .001, when it is given as p < .001.
- Degrees of freedom sit in parentheses for t and chi-square.
A formatted t-test result therefore reads:
t(48) = 2.34, p = .02, d = 0.68
The tool reproduces these conventions exactly. It does not test your data or recompute the statistic; it formats the values you enter, so the numbers remain yours and only the presentation is corrected.
Frequently asked questions
- How do you report the results of a chi-square test?
Report the chi-square statistic with its degrees of freedom and the sample size in parentheses, followed by the value and the p-value, for example χ²(1, N = 90) = 4.52, p = .033. Both the degrees of freedom and the total sample size belong inside the brackets. Paste your figures above and the formatter assembles this line with the correct italics.
- How do you report the results of an ANOVA?
An ANOVA result is written as F followed by the between-groups and within-groups degrees of freedom, the F value, and the p-value, such as F(2, 87) = 6.51, p = .002. Adding an effect size, usually eta-squared, shows how much variance the factor explains. The formatter builds the statistic and can append the effect size for you.
- Is the t in a t-test italicised in APA style?
Yes. In APA style every test statistic symbol is italicised, so the t in a t-test, the F in an ANOVA, the r in a correlation, and the p of a p-value all appear in italics, while the numbers and the degrees of freedom do not. The formatter applies this italic styling automatically in its output.
- How do you report a Pearson correlation in APA style?
Report the r statistic with its degrees of freedom (the sample size minus two) and the p-value, for example r(58) = .42, p < .001, and omit the leading zero before the decimal point. Reporting a confidence interval for the correlation alongside it is encouraged. Enter your r, degrees of freedom, and p-value above to format the line.